The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our lives and communities in various ways, including what people have turned to for leisure and recreational activities. Because many had to cancel vacation plans and limit their activities, people explored new ways to enjoy time spent at home. Buying hot tubs and swimming pools to transform their living spaces into private oases became a popular option.

Hot tub sales have seen a significant increase since the pandemic, as they are a more feasible alternative to swimming pools. Hot tubs are more affordable, take up less property space and have relatively lower maintenance requirements – but this does not mean they don’t have the same safety concerns.

The Importance of Hot Tub Safety

Although they are smaller and require less maintenance than swimming pools, hot tubs have significant safety concerns that should never be ignored or neglected.

Proper maintenance including cleaning, water balance checks, inspections and servicing, as well as following safety guidelines and regulations, can help keep those using the hot tub safe while also extending the lifespan of its components.

In honor of the International Code Council’s Building Safety Month campaign, here we address the importance of hot tub maintenance and what you need to know to ensure it remains safe for you, your friends and your family.

Truth #1: Your Hot Tub/Spa Needs to Be Up to Code                       

Hot tubs and spas have codes that address their safety requirements and maintenance. The 2021 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code® (ISPSC) is a comprehensive code that is coordinated with requirements from other International Codes® (I-Codes) and the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA).

This ISPSC sets the minimum safety requirements for hot tub installation, operation and safety. It covers areas such as:

• Proper recirculation rates 
• Proper chemical applications 
• Ideal pH levels 
• Importance of skimmers 
• Suction outlet fitting assembly requirements 
• UL listed portable spa exemptions
• Safety glazing in accordance with hazardous locations
• Electrical requirements

Work with your local building department to ensure you are implementing applicable and up-to-date codes, standards and regulations for your hot tub. They will be able to assist with obtaining any required permits and may be able to help find a reputable contractor.

Most states don’t have, or require, a pool and/or hot tub contractor license. However, regardless of licensing requirements, obtaining a permit can ensure that the contractor includes the plumbing, mechanical and electrical items on the permit.

PHTA also has contractor certifications, which may be a good way for property owners to ensure that the contractor they are using understands the codes and standards that govern the installation and maintenance of hot tubs.

Truth #2: It is Important to Stay in a Safe Temperature Range

Even though you may be tempted to crank up the heat in your hot tub, staying within the recommended temperature range can both prevent the risk of pathogens and pollutants and reduce the risk of burning or dehydration. 

According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the safest temperature range for a hot tub is between 100 to 102 degrees Fahrenheit and the temperature should never exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

Maintaining this safe temperature range, combined with proper maintenance and periodic water testing, can help prevent the growth of pathogens. The elevated temperatures create an unlivable environment for many microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses.

The higher temperatures can also help enhance the effectiveness of sanitation measures. For example, if the hot tub water is treated with chlorine, the sanitation process would be accelerated at a higher temperature, allowing for more efficient removal of pathogens in the water.

The higher temperatures can also affect sanitation and chemicals being applied to the water. For example, if the hot tub water is treated with chlorine, that chlorine could be converted to chloramine faster, requiring additional chlorine to be added. 

Chlorine acts as an oxidizer, attacking contaminants and destroying them. While the chlorine is working, the chemical reaction will produce chloramines. These chloramines are what can give hot tub water a smell. Chloramines are a type of combined chlorine that form in water and then off gas into the air above the water.  These chloramines can build up in the hot tub water, adversely affecting the air quality surrounding the hot tub location.

Furthermore, most spa and hot tub manufacturers recommend bromine, not chlorine, when operating with higher temperatures. Bromine won’t dissipate as quickly at the higher temperatures, and the pH level will have a greater effect on the chlorine than temperature. 

The Lie: You Can Go Chemical-Free  

Chemicals are necessary in hot tubs to kill harmful bacteria and maintain safe water levels. Common chemicals that are used to treat hot tubs and spas are:

• Chlorine is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms to maintain clean and safe water conditions.
• Hot Tub Shock is used to kill contaminants and restore water clarity by oxidizing and breaking down unwanted substances.
• Alkalinity Increaser is used to raise the total alkalinity of the water.
• pH Increaser and Decreaser is used to adjust the pH level of the water. The ideal pH range for a hot tub is typically between 7.2 and 7.8.
• Calcium Hardness Increaser isused when the calcium level is too low. Maintaining proper calcium hardness levels helps prevent the water from becoming corrosive.
• Line Flush Cleaner is used to remove built-up residue, oils and contaminants from plumbing lines to prevent potential clogs or blockages.

When using these chemicals, it is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and local health regulations regarding the use and dosage in hot tubs. Improper use of chemicals can lead to imbalanced water chemistry, skin irritation or other health issues.

Chemicals should also be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and in a separate location from an equipment room. Chemicals can potentially reduce the lifespan of hot tub equipment due to the adverse air quality condition created when storing them.

Creating a Safe Home Environment

If you are considering purchasing a hot tub, or if you already have one, it is essential that you ensure it is maintained correctly. By educating yourself and following applicable safety measures, you can create a relaxing and enjoyable environment at home while safeguarding the health and well-being of yourself and others.

The Code Council has several resources and tools available to help maintain a safe home environment that can be found on the Building Safety Month website.

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There is no denying that hot tub sales have cooled over the past two quarters in the US, Australia, and the U.K., yet the market remains solid according to analysts. The global market for hot tubs and spas crossed the $19 billion mark in 2022 and is expected to continue to grow to $23.5 billion by 2030 according to Business Market Insights. This is predicted despite increasing concerns about inflation and reports of curtailed spending by consumers.

The number of pool construction projects has certainly stabilized back down to pre-Covid 19 levels, though that correlation to the hot tub industry appears to be less of a factor. It’s an encouraging sign that there are still plenty of consumers looking to start a hot tub project in their backyard.

As the world begins to emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic, many industries have experienced fluctuations in supply and demand. The hot tub industry was certainly no exception. During the height of the pandemic, the demand for hot tubs skyrocketed as people sought to create their own private oasis at home. However, this increase in demand led to longer lead times for hot tub delivery, sometimes stretching several months or more.

What a Changing Retail Environment For The Hot Tub & Spa Sector Means for Consumers

As the pandemic winds down and hot tub dealers are stocked up, lead times are finally equalizing. This means that dealers are now able to keep up with the increased order flow, and it no longer takes 8 weeks or longer to receive inventory. This should come as welcome news for consumers who have been waiting to make their purchase and want to start enjoying their hot tub as soon as possible.

It is important to note that this equalization in lead times does not mean that dealers are sitting on inventory. In fact, most hot tub dealers have had trouble keeping up with demand due to supply chain disruptions and factory shutdowns during the pandemic. Instead, it means that dealers are now able to order and receive hot tubs from manufacturers more quickly, which in turn allows them to fulfill orders in a shorter timeframe.

This is a positive development for the hot tub industry as a whole. It means that consumers can now purchase hot tubs without worrying about long wait times or delays, and dealers can fulfill orders more quickly and efficiently. It also shows that the hot tub industry has adapted to the challenges of the pandemic and is now in a better position to meet the needs of consumers.

A Change in Consumer Habits

One thing the pandemic changed was the way consumers purchase. As people spent more time at home during quarantine, the demand for hot tubs and spas increased. However, many brick-and-mortar stores were closed or had limited hours, which led to a surge in online shopping. The by-product was an increase in online retail sales, one which has not tapered off according to retailers.

Spa retailer Andrew Ellis of Steam Shower Store discussed how plenty of consumers are still looking to bring home the spa experience. “We’ve been selling more spas and home saunas through our e-commerce platforms SteamShowerStore.co.uk and Vidalux.co.uk. This trend is not surprising as the benefits of hot tub ownership are numerous, including relaxation, improved sleep, and pain relief,” said Ellis, “consumers recognize the value and comfort of owning one, and that will remain a factor for growth.”

Low Cost of Hot Tub / Spa Ownership Makes Hot Tubs Appealing to Mid-Range Consumers

The average price of a swimming pool has gone up substantially in recent years. As swimming pools have become more expensive and consequently out of reach for some consumers, many have continued to look for more affordable alternatives that still offer the benefits of relaxation and recreation. One such alternative that remains within reach for mid-range consumers are hot tubs and spas.

Hot Tubs & Spas Have Become a Budget-Friendly Option For a Number of Reasons

Hot tubs and spas are typically much less expensive than swimming pools, making them an attractive option for consumers who want to enjoy the benefits of hydrotherapy without spending a fortune. They are also more compact and can be installed in smaller outdoor spaces or even indoors, making them a more feasible option for homeowners with limited space.

Another advantage of hot tubs is that they can be used year-round, while swimming pools are typically limited to use during the summer months in many parts of the world. This makes hot tubs a more versatile investment for those who want to use their outdoor space throughout the year.

Furthermore, advances in technology have made hot tubs more efficient and easier to maintain than ever before. Modern hot tubs can be equipped with energy-efficient features such as insulated covers and programmable timers that help to reduce energy costs. They also come with advanced filtration systems that make it easier to maintain clean and healthy water. In fact, over two-thirds of hot tub owners report that they perform their own maintenance (according to Pkdata).

Turnkey & Low Cost in Comparison to Pool Ownership

The turnkey aspect of hot tub ownership is also appealing to many consumers. Unlike a pool, which can take months to construct and can involve complex permits and zoning regulations, a hot tub can typically be installed and ready for use in a matter of days or weeks. This makes hot tubs and spas an attractive option for those who want to quickly and easily add a touch of luxury to their backyard. Overall, depsite changes in the economy, hot tub and spa ownership remain in high demand as consumers look for budget-friendly alternatives.

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(Albany, NY) – Governor Kathy Hochul of New York signed AB8646 into law on November 23, creating a path for spa and hot tub owners to safely meet state barrier requirements through the use of ASTM 1346 compliant safety covers. This is the same requirement as found in the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (ISPSC) and the next edition of the International Property Maintenance Code.

The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), the International Hot Tub Association (IHTA), and the Northeast Spa & Pool Association (NESPA) played an integral role in the passing of this law. The three associations, along with PHTA’s New York-based public affairs firm, held meetings with the staff of both Governor Hochul and previous governor Andrew Cuomo, New York Department of State regulators, and legislators on this topic. All parties agreed that a statutory change was appropriate.

“This update to New York law ensures that the state will now harmonize with the ISPSC and other state codes on the issue of spa cover requirements,” says Nathan Coelho, Chair of the IHTA Engineering Committee and Vice President of Engineering at Master Spas LLC. “This is a significant win for spa owners and the industry.”

The legislation was passed unanimously by both the New York State Assembly and New York State Senate before arriving on Governor Hochul’s desk. It went into effect immediately on November 23 after the signing.

For more information, please contact Amy Willer, PHTA’s Associate Director of Marketing and Communications, at awiller@phta.org or 703-838-0083, ext. 121.

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About the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance
The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), a non-profit organization with more than 3,600 members from around the world, was established in 1956 to support, promote, and protect the common interests of the $36.5B pool, hot tub, and spa industry. PHTA provides education, advocacy, standards development, research, and market growth to increase our members’ professionalism, knowledge, and profitability. Additionally, PHTA facilitates the expansion of swimming, water safety, and related research and outreach activities aimed at introducing more people to swimming, making swimming environments safer, and keeping pools open to serve communities. For more information, visit www.phta.org.

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A recall is in place for 23,700 hot tubs because of temperature sensors that may not accurately reflect how hot the water truly is. About 5,400 were sold in Canada and 40 sold in Mexico.

Sundance Spas 680, 780, 880, and 980 Series spas and the Jacuzzi J-200, J-300, J-400, and J-500 collection hot tubs are included in the recall, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).

From July 2021 to December 2022, the hot tubs were sold via authorized Sundance Spas or Jacuzzi Hot Tubs dealers around the country.

Why A Recall of Jacuzzi and Sundance Spas?

The recall was started after receiving 185 separate reports of incorrect temperature readings. According to one owner of a Jacuzzi J-355, the hot tub’s temperature gauge read 101 degrees Fahrenheit, yet as soon as they got inside, they reported it was searing hot. The water’s real temperature was 126 degrees Fahrenheit, according to a kitchen thermometer they used.

Another Sundance Spa 780 series owner claimed that although the temperature was set at 98 degrees Fahrenheit, the water felt unbearably hot. According to tests they conducted, the water’s real temperature was actually 107 degrees Fahrenheit.

For years, the CPSC has cautioned people about the risks associated with hot tub water that is too hot. The commission stated that hot tub water temps should never go above 104 degrees Fahrenheit in a news release from 1979.

The hot tubs are currently being fixed by Sundance Spas, Inc., also known as Jacuzzi Hot Tubs. They advise owners to use an accurate external thermometer to verify the water temperature is no greater than 104 degrees before entering the hot tub in order to prevent injuries and burns until that repair can be scheduled.

The serial number and model are engraved into a silver plate in the equipment bay of the hot tubs. To identify hot tubs with the recalled sensor, people can enter their serial number into the recall links at www.sundancespas.com/en-us/recall.html or www.jacuzzi.com/en-us/recall.html. For hot tubs with the affected temperature sensor, consumers should contact an authorized dealer to schedule a free repair to replace the sensor.

From 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. PT, Monday through Friday, anybody with inquiries can call Sundance Spas at 800-549-1502 or send an email to TempSensor@jacuzzi.com for Jacuzzi products or TempSensor@sundancespas.com for Sundance Spas brands.

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If you’re looking for a way to relax and destress, aromatherapy for your hot tub or spa might be the perfect solution for you! Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils to promote healing and well-being. People have been using aromatherapy for centuries to improve their health and wellbeing. There are many ways to enjoy aromatherapy, but one of our favorite methods is by using it in our hot tubs and spas! In this article, we will discuss the benefits of aromatherapy, how to use it in your spa or hot tub, and some of our favorite essential oils scents.

Aromatherapy in Your Spa

Did you realize you can detect over a trillion different scents? Certain fragrances or scents have a physiological influence on humans. They have the ability to calm, revitalize, and create a sense of well-being. Certain scents are also known to induce a sensuous or euphoric state, particularly in individuals who are already relaxing in a hot tub.

Aromatherapy has many benefits, but one of the most popular reasons people use it is to relax and destress. If you’re looking for a way to unwind after a long day, aromatherapy might be the perfect solution for you! There are many different ways to enjoy aromatherapy, but one of our favorite methods is by using it in our hot tubs and spas. In this article, we will discuss how to use essential oils in your spa or hot tub for relaxation and destress relief.

Essential Oils For Your Spa & Hot Tub

There are many different essential oils that can be used for relaxation and destress relief. To use essential oils in your spa or hot tub, simply add a few drops to the water. You can also add a few drops to a diffuser if you prefer. If you’re looking for a more potent aromatherapy experience, you can add a few drops of essential oil to your bathtub.

For those looking for an easy way to enjoy all of the benefits of aromatherapy, using essential oils for your hot tub, spa or sauna is a great option, according to Spa Huset Norway. “Certain smells can definitely improve your mood and overall wellbeing, using your spa in combination with aromatherapy has been proven to have great health benefits,” said General Manager, Monthy Pedersen.

Our favorite aromatherapy scents for Hot Tubs & Spas:

Lavender

Lavender has been used for thousands of years, ever since the Romans introduced it into their baths. It’s a well-known antiseptic that can be used to cure minor infections, including candida, but it’s primarily used to relax the mind. Lavender aromatherapy can aid with sleep issues, depression, and anxiety. It relieves muscle pain, cramps, migraines, and other head and body pain as a circulatory stimulant. Lavender is also beneficial to the skin. It promotes skin cell regeneration and is used to heal scars and stretch marks, as well as rashes, sunburns, and skin infections.

InSPAration Lavender Crystals-Epsom Salts

• Uses an aromatherapy crystal blend designed exclusively for spas, hot tubs, and jetted baths.
• Vitamins, minerals, and natural extracts have been added to this product.
• Softens the skin and revitalizes fatigued muscles.
• Masks chemical odors while not staining or harming wood, fiberglass, acrylics, or plaster.
• There are no oils in it, so it will not clog filters or change the chemistry of the water.

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus leaves have long been utilized in ancient societies to relieve aches and pains and to alleviate altitude sickness. Early Incas bathed in natural hot springs loaded with eucalyptus leaves in Peru’s highlands. Eucalyptus, like peppermint, contains camphor and can be used to treat sore throats, sinus problems, illness, and fever.

Eucalyptus Fragrance – 9 oz

• Eucalyptus spa infusion oil.
• A beautiful aroma can enhance your spa experience.
• Specifically formulated for use in a hot tub.
• The water chemistry in the spa will not be affected.

Jasmine

Jasmine is a seductive and sensual floral fragrance that is rich and warm. It has a long history of being used as an aphrodisiac, and I can see why! Jasmine is a wonderfully exotic smell that is also known as ‘Mistress of the Night’ or ‘Moonlight of the Grove’ since its alluring scent is strongest at night. When you put Jasmine in a hot tub, you might be inviting your sweetheart to join you! Jasmine is sweet, delicate, and seductive.

• Safe for all acrylics, jets, pumps, and filters.
• Masks chemical odors; has no effect on pH; does not foam or bubble in water; There are no oils in this product, and it leaves no oily residue.
• It has no effect on the chemistry of water.
• Natural Aloe Vera Extract, Vitamins E and C, and RX Formula for a Therapeutic Body Experience

Mint

Mint is one of the most popular aromatic herbs, with applications ranging from food and drinks to lip balm. The British Journal of Medicine reported in 1879 that menthol fumes relieved headaches and nerve pain. It promotes alertness and concentration, and it could be ideal after a hard day to prepare for a long evening. Peppermint stimulates blood flow, alleviates itching, and relieves arthritic cramps and muscle discomfort. It’s also healthy for your skin because it stimulates natural skin oil production.

• Aromatherapy crystals for spas, hot tubs, and jetted baths
• Contains vitamins, minerals, and natural skin-softening ingredients.
• Tired muscles are revitalized, and the body is relaxed.
• Non-oily – will not clog filters or change the chemistry of water.
• Amazing scents – no more chemical odors!

Aromatherapy can help:

• Relieve stress and anxiety
• Improve mood and energy levels
• Promote better sleep
• Boost immunity
• Relieve pain and tension headaches

Getting Started With Aromatherapy & Hydrotherapy

If you’re tired, run-down, or even depressed, you’ve probably already tried a few things to lift your spirits and your overall health. Aromatherapy, with its many benefits, should not be underestimated when it comes to improving your overall well-being. Hydrotherapy (the use of warm water to treat a variety of health issues) used in conjunction with scented oils have been shown to improve health, decrease stress, increase serotonin, and improve overall well-being. Simply add a few drops of your favorite essential oil to the water before you get in to enjoy therapeutic and relaxing aromatherapy in your hot tub or spa.

Step 1

Gather up everything you’ll need for your hydrotherapy session. Bring a bathing suit, a towel, a bottle of water, a book, a movie, or music, flip flops, and your favorite aromatherapy scents. Bring along a basket to store your personal items so that they can be easily moved to your hot tub area and then brought back inside. This eliminates the need to leave the hot tub for a drink or other activity if you become bored or thirsty.

Step 2

Allow your spa fragrances to dissolve and blend with the water for the appropriate amount of time. While you wait, put on your beach suit, get ready for your activity, and set any mobile devices to “do not disturb” if you want to unplug and disconnect from technology. If you don’t have your mobile device with you, notify at least one person that you will be in the hot tub for safety.

Step 3

Enter the hot tub, activate the jets, and unwind. Allow your body to acclimate to your new surroundings and simply let the stress slip away. Once you’ve felt rejuvenated and relaxed, use your activity to entertain yourself, or simply sit back, relax, and enjoy the sounds of nature or your predetermined music.

Step 4

Spend some time observing your surroundings. Enjoy the splendor of your magnificent backyard landscape, the sounds of nature, and the aromatherapy spa scents. Consider what the fragrance means to you and allow the scents and relaxing hydrotherapy to do its thing.

Step 5

Take your time exiting the spa when you’ve finished relaxing in the hot tub. Sit on the ledge for a few minutes as you dry off with your towel. Enjoy the last few minutes of aromatherapy as you acclimatize to the outside temperature. Close your spa cover and carry your belongings inside, eliminating the need to return outside—unless, of course, you want to relax on your patio furniture and enjoy a lovely evening outdoors.

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If you’re considering adding a spa to your swimming pool, you’re not alone. Many people are opting for this type of installation these days. But before you make any decisions, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons. In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the most important factors to consider when making your decision.

Pros of Adding a Spa

If you’re considering adding on a spa, there are several things you should take into account. Here are some pros of adding a spa that will help you make your decision:

• One pro is that spas can be very relaxing. Soaking in hot water can help to relieve muscle tension and pain. It can also be a great way to wind down after a long day.
• Another pro is that hot tubs and spas can be used for social gatherings. They provide a great space for people to relax and chat. You can even host parties or events around your spa.
• One of the best things about spas is that you can use them all year round. In the winter, they’re a great way to stay warm while you enjoy the outdoors. In the summer, they provide a refreshing way to cool down after a long day in the sun.
• Finally, spas and hot tubs can add value to your home. If you ever decide to sell your home, adding a spa on to your pool may make it more attractive to potential buyers.

Cons of Adding a Spa

Conversely, if you’re on the fence and are wondering if there are any drawbacks to adding a spa, here is what you should know:

• One con is the cost. Inground pools and spas can be very expensive, the price is going up and if you’re not careful, you can end up spending a lot of money on one.
• Another con is the maintenance. Inground spas require a lot of upkeep and if you’re not prepared to do this, you’ll quickly become frustrated with your purchase.
• Finally, inground spas can take up a lot of space and if you have a small yard, this may not be the best option for you.

What You Should Think About When Considering Adding On a Spa

Ultimately, one of the biggest considerations is cost. Spas are expensive, and pools are even more so. A jackhammer makes a poor eraser though, so if you are considering adding on a spa to your pool at so point, it’s often cheaper to add a spa at the same time. This is because the pool builder can do both installations at once, which saves on labor costs.

How much does a spa cost?

It really depends on the make and model of spa that you’re looking at. Inground spas are generally more expensive than hot tubs are. The price of a hot tub usually ranges from about $5,000 to $10,000. Usually, inground spas range anywhere from $10,000 to $20,000 or more.

If you’re looking for a high-end spa with all the bells and whistles, you can expect to pay closer to $15,000. But if you’re just looking for something to relax in after a long day, you can find models for as little as $10,000.

Other Cost Considerations

Of course, the cost of a spa isn’t just the upfront cost itself. You also have to factor in things like installation costs and ongoing maintenance costs. So it’s important to do your research before you make any decisions.

Another important consideration is installation time. Most hot tubs can be installed in a single day while an inground spa is going to definitely take longer. If you don’t relish the thought of having a crew come back to install one at a later date and disrupt your yard, the most opportune time to install a spa is during your pool construction.

Finally, there’s the question of maintenance. Spas require just as much maintenance as pools do if not more. While they are a great way to relax and unwind, they also come with a few costs. Let’s take a look at what is involved with maintaining a spa.

Spas require some chemicals to keep the water clean and safe for soaking. These can include chlorine, bromine, and PH balancers. Depending on the size of your pool and spa, you may need to purchase these chemicals in bulk. You will also need to regularly clean your filters to prevent dirt and debris from clogging them. Depending on the type of filter you have, you may need to replace them every few months.

Inground Spa vs Hot Tub – Which is Best?

For those pool owners wishing they had purchased a spa too, a hot tub becomes an appealing option. When it comes to choosing an inground spa or a hot tub, it can be difficult to decide which is the best choice to make. Both have their own unique benefits and drawbacks, so it really depends on your specific needs and wants. Let’s compare and contrast them for a moment so that you can make an informed decision about which one is right for you!

• In-ground spas are generally larger and more luxurious than hot tubs. They are also inground, so they can be a great addition to your backyard landscape. However, inground spas are also more expensive to install and maintain than hot tubs.
• Hot tubs are less expensive than inground spas and they are easier to install. Hot tubs are also portable, so you can take them with you if you move. However, hot tubs are not as large as inground spas and they don’t offer the same luxury features.

So, what’s the verdict? There’s no right or wrong answer, it all depends on your personal preferences and situation. Weigh the pros and cons carefully before making your decision. Either way, you’ll end up with a beautiful backyard retreat that you can enjoy for years to come.

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It’s been an explosive two years of unprecedented growth for the hot tub and spa industry. A resurgence of consumer interest in backyard amenities such as swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas has seen hot tub sales jump in recent years.

More consumers than ever before are looking to install a new hot tub or spa in their backyard and the demand for them remains white-hot. According to the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, a trade association for the industry, sales of hot tubs and pools are rising across the country. In 2020, almost 45 percent of its members predicted revenue growth of 10% or more.

“Hot tubs have been in the top 10 of ‘I want’ lists for a long time, but they’ve now moved up close to the top because some of the other things aren’t currently attainable, like travel,” says Kevin Richards, Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Master Spas. “We’re seeing more people finally saying, ‘It’s really time to get a hot tub’.”

The president and CEO of the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, Sabeena Hickman, is fully aware of the rising customer interest. “Hot tubs are definitely in hot demand,” she said. 

Hickman suggested a large percentage of that growth can be attributed to the quarantine conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Consequently, that demand has created another underlier for consumers to purchase a hot tub, they’re still relatively low-cost in comparison to building a swimming pool.

Rising Prices for Pools Contribute to Demand for Hot Tubs & Spas

Prices for inground pools have steadily risen over the past two years. Since 2020, the price for a swimming pool has gone up roughly 40%. Not only that, but the cost of a home with a pool has also skyrocketed in many areas of the country. While the demand for swimming pools seems to finally be equalizing to pre-pandemic levels, prices have not fallen. The fact is they’re predicted to remain high well into 2023 as builders are still facing many of the same exact issues this year they faced in 2022 and 2021.

A perfect storm of labor shortages, rising inflation, and logistical delays largely contributed to the increasing prices consumers have recently seen from builders. This is in conjunction with an unexpected Texas winter freeze in February 2021. Industry experts like Harold Evans of Orenda Technologies said this helped to exacerbate the problem by taking a large percentage of equipment and components off the market after the storm in order to facilitate emergency repair work.

Why More Homeowners Are Installing a Hot Tub?

The market for hot tubs and spas in the United States has expanded over the past decade. In correlation with a growing number of distributors, one of the two biggest new markets for hot tub sales has been Nevada and Arkansas which are the two states most likely to have hot tubs in their home listings according to Realtor.com.

However, in the Northeast region of the United States, the growth has been explosive. “We’re selling more hot tubs than we ever have in our entire history,” said Jim Grammaticopolous, owner of Your Backyard Haven who says that their spa sales are way up since the beginning of the pandemic. “Pool sales have slowed over Q4 and into Q1 but hot tub sales tripled during that same timeframe”.

Adjusting for seasonality is a norm in the pool industry, however, Grammaticopolous attributes other factors such as rising costs for construction. “Some folks may be getting priced out of the market for a pool and suddenly a hot tub becomes a very appealing alternative.”

A representative for Life’s Great Spas in Malta, NY said that for their firm it’s about making the cost as feasible as possible for their dealers and for the consumer. “It’s why we aggressively price our hot tubs to make it an obtainable purchase.”

Top 5 States for Hot Tub Sales in the United States

• California
• Texas
• Florida
• Illinois
• New York

How Big is The Market for Hot Tubs & Spas?

The market for hot tub and spa-related products was valued at $1.875 billion in 2020 and is projected to grow by 5% over the next two years. The biggest player in that space is Watkins Manufacturing which through its parent company Masco Corporation, acquired Endless Pools back in 2015. They may have found themselves best equipped to deal with the swell in demand; with the largest customer base and channels of distribution. Let’s take a closer look at who some of the largest manufacturers are:

Top Hot Tub / Spa Manufacturers

Final Thoughts

One of the hottest emerging markets for hot tub and spa sales is the Asian-Pacific market. Rapid urbanization is driving much of that expansion. Hot tub and spa sales are predicted to continue their trajectory well into 2024 and will account for a large percentage of the projected $3.56 billion in growth the industry is expecting during that timeframe.

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The owner of one of Nashville’s famous and popular party buses, Music City Party Tub, has been ordered to stop operating a public pool without a permit, according to a complaint. The business has been operating as an alternative to traditional party buses and limo rental services.

The Tennessean reported that in a lawsuit filed last week, the Metropolitan Government of Nashville requested that the mobile tub be temporarily shut down. Next Wednesday is the date of their hearing.

Popular Hot Tub Party Bus Operating Since 2019

According to the complaint, health regulators sent a notice to Music City Party Tub on August 11 informing them of the infraction. For the past few years the party bus has been a regular sight in Nashville’s entertainment sector, boasting that it can accommodate hot tub parties of up to six or seven people at a time.

The health department claims Guy Williams visited in that month and was urged by regulators to submit pool design plans and apply for a swimming pool permit, which he did. When the trailer-mounted party tub was inspected, the inspectors told Williams a number of items needed to be fixed before it could be authorized. However, according to the lawsuit, he never returned.

The suit claims that in September 2020, health department employees saw Williams driving the party busy again and asked him about not having a pool permit. He claimed he was excluded since his hot tub lacked the “minimum volume” of a public pool by 50 gallons (190 liters).

According to the lawsuit, such exceptions do not exist. The business also has not registered with the state and has no business license, according to the complaint.

Photo Credit: Music City Party Tub

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Metals are naturally existing elements found in every place; in water, soil and stones. Metals in soil and stones dissolve in acidic rainwater, which is then carried to surface water and groundwater. Through this, the dissolved metals find their way to pools and tubs when filled. Exposure of metals to water cause staining on pool surfaces and equipment. This article discusses the techniques to control the presence of pool metals. It also discusses the different kinds of metal staining and the relevant chemicals to eliminate and hinder stains.

Metals in pools and hot tub water

There are 91 existing metals, but only 6 are problematic to hot tubs and pools. The 6 metals include magnesium, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese and calcium. Here we will only discuss 4 that are cobalt, copper, magnesium and iron.

Fill water, inclusive of almost all municipal and well water supplies that fill hot tubs and pools, contains a few metals. It is advisable to test for metal concentration in source water before filling the hot tubs and pools.

Tests for iron and copper are easily accessible, though the majority only measures the free form of the dissolved metals. They also do not test the sequestered and complexed forms of dissolved metals. A two-phase metal test containing adequate reducing and releasing agents give better results on free, complexed and some oxidized metals.

Sources of metal contamination in the pool and hot tub water are plaster and pebble surfaces, water features, decking materials, metal equipment, galvanic corrosion, chemicals and runoff.

In addition, flagstone, marble and stone contain iron that leaches into the pool after every rainfall. Imbalanced water may cause the introduction of copper from heat exchangers found in gas-fired water heaters. Moreover, copper-based algaecides and mineral-based water treatment may be a source of pool metals. Plant fertilizers can also introduce metals when incorrectly applied or due to uncontrolled flooding. More sources of metal include irrigation methods with well water.

Preventing stains

Water Treatment

Avoid using untreated water with high metal concentration (higher than 1ppm) in hot tubs or pool. Treat the water when the metal concentration is higher than 0.2 ppm. Sediment filters (10 microns or less) eliminate the majority of the bigger oxidized particles. Use filters that have metal adsorbents to treat water, to minimize dissolved metals concentration.

Primary Sanitizers and Stabilizers

Maintain proper concentration of primary sanitizers and other similar stabilizers to prevent organic contaminants. These include; pathogens, non-hazardous bacteria and algae minimizing the need for a copper-based algaecide.

Bonding of Metals and Water

The majority of the pool and hot tub equipment are metal-made. For example, electrolytic halogen generators, the heating core of electric heat pump, gas-fired pool and hot tub heaters, ladders, light rings and handrails.

To enhance chemical and electrical safety, install a bonding system in the hot tub or pool. The bonding system involves joining the copper wire with all the metal elements and water combined. This minimizes electric potential difference. Lack of this system, enables dissolution of pool metals, causing staining that damages the equipment. This is the process known as galvanic corrosion and can heighten due to several factors such as salt water, stray direct current as well as its power supplies. Anodes (zinc metal) reduce the damage on the equipment but don’t deal with the cause of corrosion. Test the bonding system every year, or any other time there is corrosion.

Pool & Hot Tub pH

pH is the most vital yet most ignored factor in preventing metal release in water. Low pH water (below 7) is acidic and corrosive. Acidic water dissolves metals from the pool equipment.

Improper water chemistry harms pool surfaces and machinery. Always ensure to maintain an accurate pH, alkalinity (carbonate) and calcium (hardness). If inadequate, water draws carbonate and calcium from cementitious surfaces, discharging metals into the water.

Sequestering Agents

Sequestering agents join with the dissolved pool metals to reduce oxidation hence reduces staining. They chelate the metals, not eliminate them. They require a complex modern ultra filtration system to remove sequestered metal particles as the particles are too small for the pool filtration system. Add this agent on a regular basis, as a secondary disinfection and primary sanitizer systems keep on destroying them.

Ways to reduce metal concentration in hot tubs and pool water

• Bind the metals using polymer and water-insoluble natural adsorbents
• Filter the water through a reverse osmosis system
• Remove and replace a part of the water with fresh metal-free water

Removing stains from the pool and hot tub surfaces

1. Metal stain removal from the surface

2. Chelation of the dissolved metals in the water with a sequestering agent

3. Elimination of the metals from the water.

To get rid of metal pool stains, add oxalic acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid or a similar product into the pool water. An experienced pool service expert should only execute the use of Muriatic acid in the removal of metal stains as it can lead to permanent damage to the pool surface. Chelation of dissolved metals and minimizing concentrations of dissolved metal have been earlier tackled.

Figuring out the difference between metal stains and those by organic contamination can be difficult. For evaluation, establish the origin of the stain, asses the water chemistry and test the stain with either citric acid or ascorbic acid.

Note: Some organic stains, similar to those brought about by iron bacteria, vanish after treatment with ascorbic acid but return with the introduction of chlorine residuals.

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Several ways are applicable when heating water in a hot tub. These include; the use of electricity, solar, heat pumps, and external heat change. Looking at it from a narrow perspective, it is practical to use electricity to heat portable hot tubs. With this, there is no need to consider other alternatives. From a broader perspective, when it comes to inbuilt concrete tubs, common in health spas and resorts, the situation is different. It holds large volumes of water, meaning it is uneconomical and impractical to heat the water using electricity. This paves the way for the use of fossils fuels, which are an alternative source.  

The dominance of electric heaters

Electric heaters are convenient and dominant with portable tubs. Brian Koops, Vice President of Engineering and Technical Services for Jacuzzi, states that all his company vessels use electricity. This is because it is reliable and compact, hence placed in a central cabinet. Only one heater is necessary to run all the machines in the spa.

 John Milligan, CEO of NESPA, a manufacturer of prefabricated custom spas, agrees with this notion. Electric heaters are preferable because they are clean, easy to use, and maintain. Electricity eases so many technical parts of life. In the same way, electric heaters speed up the manufacturing and installation processes. In case of a fault, all that’s required is a replacement. All operations are back to normal in minutes. When it comes to other sources of energy, they do not bear the same benefits.

Professionals in the spa industry don’t dispute the benefits brought by electric heaters. They believe that more focus should be on improving existing electric heaters. The same old models of heaters have been in place for a long time, and engineers should consider improving the standards. The material used to make the heaters is prone to corrosion, giving users a hard time dealing with it. The use of friendly material is preferable in the evolvement of the heaters.

System effectiveness

As stated earlier, electric heaters heat water fast, though it’s indisputable that gas heaters are faster. Approximately, in an hour, electric heaters raise the temperature of water by 4-6 degrees Celsius. This is in consideration of the volume of water and the size of the heaters.

The main concern is how effective the electric heater is in meeting the needs of the client. Hales states that to increase the temperature of the water that is 60 degrees to 100 degrees by evening, it will require the use of different heaters or a different way to operate the system to maintain the high temperature. Clients choose how they want to operate their spas. They can use the five and a half kilowatts heaters that are really fast but costly. They can also opt for a 4 kilowatt, which is slow and maintains temperatures at a certain level without using excess energy.

California Energy Commission dictates the energy consumption and standard efficiency in portable spas. They require spas in the Golden States to meet the set requirements for yearly energy consumption. These standards are not compulsory, but if one wishes to sell these services within California, they will be bound by this law. This statute has been adopted by other states as well.

Koops, states that the systems are made in a way that it is directly connected to water so that all the energy passes to the water. This, however, does not guarantee 100% effectiveness. It is possible to lose heat from the water. When the electrodes are transferred to water, energy has no other place to go; therefore, heat is lost to the atmosphere. Due to this, usage and maintenance of water is part of the system efficiency. Managing the systems so that there is no heat loss is a huge challenge to the constructors. Hales explains that foam insulators are useful in coating heaters to prevent heat loss, exempting the area in contact with water. 

The area of the hose is also foam-coated instead of the use of pipes to prevent the cooling of water.

Hydraulic efficiency is also important to improve the general efficiency of the spa. This gives way for a smooth flow of water delivered to consumers for therapy. These are just a few ways to improve spa Efficiency. Constructors have to look into the functioning of the whole spa systems and energy efficiency as well as to update these areas.

Usage of high efficiency insulated cover, insulation in the cabinets, and on-board software all play an important part in improving spa efficiency.

Determining the energy source

Milligan prefers the use of both gas and electricity for his prefabricated custom spas, which are bigger than portable spas. Consumers don’t necessarily know exactly how hot tubs work, but they purchase these vessels with expectations. It is important to explain to clients clearly when choosing the type of energy source required. The cost, the temperature desired, how to get to the desired temperature, and maintenance are factors to consider.

If you want your water to heat faster, the gas would be a better option. If you wouldn’t mind waiting for the water to heat and maintained at that temperature, then electric energy will be appropriate. The cost depends on the cost of the energy source chosen. Insulation is also a factor when choosing the type of energy. It is mandatory for vessel insulation when using electric energy. The issue arises when the vessel is more than 100 inches wide. Subtract 5 inches on each side to sit on, 90 inches remain. If the vessels are bigger than this, there is no other alternative than to switch to gas energy. It is a common problem in freeform vessels, and opting for rectilinear is a convenient design. At the end of the day, these factors are important for customer satisfaction.

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